Hematology of Lower Vertebrates

Introduction The proper evaluation of the hemogram of any animal patient involves the determination of a total erythrocyte count [TRBC], packed cell volume [PCV], hemoglobin concentration [Hb], total white blood cell count [TWBC], white blood cell differential, and the evaluation of a stained peripheral blood film. The basic techniques used in mammalian hematology also apply to that of lower vertebrates, such as birds and reptiles. However, because lower vertebrates have nucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes, there are a few modifications to the techniques. Also, the morphology of the hemic cells of lower vertebrates often varies from mammalians cells. The evaluation of the peripheral blood film involves the examination of the cellular components of the blood sample. Each cell group [erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes] should be examined for any abnormal morphologic changes.